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All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Clinical manifestations and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Tanzania, 2021-2022.

Osati et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.23292643
Jul 2023  
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Mortality 32% Improvement Relative Risk Ivermectin for COVID-19  Osati et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with ivermectin beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 1,387 patients in Tanzania (March 2021 - July 2022) Lower mortality with ivermectin (p=0.02) c19ivm.org Osati et al., medRxiv, July 2023 Favorsivermectin Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Ivermectin for COVID-19
4th treatment shown to reduce risk in August 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 105 studies, recognized in 23 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 95 treatments. c19ivm.org
Retrospective 1,387 hospitalized PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients in Tanzania, showing lower mortality with ivermectin treatment and with steroid treatment in multivariable analysis.
This is the 100th of 105 COVID-19 controlled studies for ivermectin, which collectively show efficacy with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 774 quintillion).
52 studies are RCTs, which show efficacy with p=0.00000021.
risk of death, 31.5% lower, OR 0.68, p = 0.02, treatment 448, control 849, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor treatment, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Osati et al., 16 Jul 2023, retrospective, Tanzania, preprint, median age 60.0, 22 authors, study period 26 March, 2021 - 30 July, 2022, dosage not specified. Contact: elishaoosati@gmail.com.
This PaperIvermectinAll
Clinical manifestations and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Tanzania, 2021-2022
Dr Elisha Osati, Grace A Shayo, Tumaini Nagu, Raphael Z Sangeda, Candida Moshiro, Naveeda Adams, Athumani Ramadhani, Bahati Wanja, Albert Muniko, Jeremia Seni, Mary A Nicholaus, Kajiru G Kilonzo, Gervas Nyaisonga, Christian Mbije, John Meda, Denis Rainer, Martha Nkya, Paulo Mhame, Lucy Samwel, Liggyle Vumilia, Seif Shekalaghe, Abel Makubi
doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.23292643
Background There have been differential mortality rates from Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in different parts of the world. It is not clear whether the clinical presentation does also differ, thus the need for this study in a Sub-Saharan African country. The aim of this study was to describe clinical manifestations and outcome of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in selected tertiary hospitals in Tanzania. Methods and Findings A retrospective analysis of archived data from 26 th March, 2021 to 30 th September, 2022 was done for adults aged ≥18 years who were admitted in five tertiary-level hospitals in Tanzania. Information collected included socio-demographic, radiological and clinical characteristics of the patients as well as outcome of the admission (discharge vs death). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and proportions and compared using Chi square test. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between COVID-19 mortality and the collected variables. Out of 1387 COVID-19 patients, approximately 52% were males. The median age was 60 years [ (IQR)= (19-102)). The most common symptoms were dyspnea (943,68%), cough (889, 64%), fever (597,43%) and fatigue (570, 41%). Inhospital mortality was (476, 34%). Mortality significantly increased with increasing age, being the most in age >90 years [aOR (95% CI) =6.72 (1.94-20.81), P<0.001. Other predictors of death were not possessing a health insurance, [aOR (95% CI) = 2.78 (2.09-3.70), P<0. 001], dyspnea [aOR (95% CI) = 1.40(1.02-2.06), P=0.03]; chest pain, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.12-3.21), P=0.03]; HIV positivity, [aOR (95% CI) = 4.62 (2.51-8.73), P<0.001]; neutrophilia, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.02 (1.01 -1.03), P=0.02]; none use of ivermectin, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.46 (1.09 -2.22), P=0.02] and non-use of steroid, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.2 -2.5), P=0.04]. Retrospective nature of this study which based on documented patients records, with a large number of patients left out of the analysis due to missed data, this might in a way affect the results of the present study. Conclusions The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fever, just as what was common elsewhere in the world. Mortality increased significantly with age, in HIV-infected patients, in those without a health insurance, those presenting with dyspnea, chest pain, or neutrophilia and those who did not use steroid or ivermectin. Clinicians should actively look for the predictors of mortality and take appropriate management to reduce mortality.
Similar to other studies 7, 24, 25 , the majority of patients in this study were male. One-third of COVID-19 patients died in the hospital. The odds ratio of death increased significantly as patients age increased above 60 years. There were almost 3-folds increased odds of dying in the age group 60-74 years while the odds of dying were almost 7-folds in the age above 90 years. The relationship between age and COVID-19 deaths in this study reflects not only WHO data, 1 but also the findings of other studies of COVID-19 done elsewhere. For example, a study done in Sudan by Hasabo E, et al, 7 Lombardy Region, Italy by Cecconi M, et al 24 and Grasselli G, et al 25 which indicated that majority of confirmed COVID-19 deaths were among patients aged above 60 years. Male sex has been found to be an independent factor associated with severe COVID-19 and mortality. 14, 15, 23 In our study sex was not found to be a risk factor for death. Patients who died were more likely to be unemployed, uninsured and with no formal education. The risk of deaths was almost 3-fold in uninsured group compared to insured one. Being . Competing Interests Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Author's Contribution Elisha Osati designed the study. Elisha Osati, Naveeda Adams, Dr. Athumani Ramadhani, Mary Nicolaus, Denis Rainer, Christian Mbije, Martha Nkya, did data collection. Elisha Osati, Grace Shayo, Kajiru Kilonzo, John Meda, Gervas Nyaisonga, Bahati Wanja, Albert Muniko..
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Methods and ' 'Findings A retrospective analysis of archived data from 26th March, 2021 to 30th September, ' '2022 was done for adults aged ≥18 years who were admitted in five tertiary-level\xa0\xa0 ' 'hospitals in Tanzania.\xa0 Information collected included socio-demographic, radiological and ' 'clinical characteristics of the patients as well as outcome of the admission (discharge vs ' 'death). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and proportions and compared ' 'using Chi square test. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between ' 'COVID-19 mortality and the collected variables. Out of 1387 COVID-19 patients, approximately ' '52% were males.\xa0 The median age was 60 years [ (IQR)= (19-102)). The most common symptoms ' 'were dyspnea (943,68%), cough (889, 64%), fever (597,43%) and fatigue (570, 41%). In-hospital ' 'mortality was (476, 34%). Mortality significantly increased with increasing age, being the ' 'most in age &gt;90 years [aOR (95% CI) =6.72 (1.94-20.81), P&lt;0.001. Other predictors of ' 'death were not possessing a health insurance, [aOR (95% CI) = 2.78 (2.09-3.70), P&lt;0. ' '001],\xa0 dyspnea [aOR (95% CI) = 1.40(1.02-2.06), P=0.03]; chest pain, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.78 ' '(1.12-3.21), P=0.03]; HIV positivity, [aOR (95% CI) = 4.62 (2.51-8.73), P&lt;0.001]; ' 'neutrophilia, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.02 (1.01 – 1.03), P=0.02]; none use of ivermectin, [aOR (95% ' 'CI) = 1.46 (1.09 – 2.22), P=0.02] and non-use of steroid, [aOR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.2 – 2.5), ' 'P=0.04]. Retrospective nature of this study which based on documented patients records, with ' 'a large number of patients left out of the analysis due to missed data, this might in a way ' 'affect the results of the present study. Conclusions The most common presenting symptoms were ' 'dyspnea, cough and fever, just as what was common elsewhere in the world. \xa0Mortality ' 'increased significantly with age, in HIV-infected patients, in those without a health ' 'insurance, those presenting with dyspnea, chest pain, or neutrophilia and those who did not ' 'use steroid or ivermectin. 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Late treatment
is less effective
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